A History of Canadian University Football
By R. E. Watkins, B.A., M.Sc., Ph.D. ©Copyright 1998-2004
Origins of the Canadian Intercollegiate Game
Evolution of Canadian Football from English Rugby Union and
Association Football (Soccer) 1865-1897
- 1865 - record of an English rugby game played between officers of a
British army garrison in Montreal and a group of locals, (some of whom
were students at McGill University) which led to the adoption of the
game by McGill students and the subsequent, gradual adaptation (or
Canadianization) of the rules over the years
- 1874 - McGill University versus Harvard University exhibition series -
two games at Harvard (May 14 & 15, 1874), one at McGill (Autumn,
1874)
- these games are considered by many to be the beginnings of the two
strains of North American football (Canadian and American) as sports
distinct from English rugby and soccer
- 1879 - a match between the University of Toronto and the University of
Michigan was played in the United States in 1879; the return match was
played in Toronto in 1880, indicating further cross-fertilization of
American and Canadian rugby football rules which were becoming
increasingly different from those of English rugby
- 1881 - McGill visited Toronto for the first Canadian intercollegiate
rugby football game; the two schools subsequently played each other once
a year, the site of the game alternating between Toronto and Montreal
except for the years 1890, 1893, 1896 and 1897; Toronto also played
Queen’s University in 1887, 1890, 1891, 1893, 1895, 1896 and 1897 with
the site of the games alternating between Toronto and Kingston
- the University of Ottawa, the Ontario Agricultural College (OAC) and
Royal Military College (RMC) also played Canadian rugby football during
the 1880’s and 1890’s
- no intercollegiate league existed as such during this period,
university teams, as well as playing against each other, played in
provincial unions and in community leagues
- the evolution of the Canadian rugby football game from English rugby,
is illustrated by the fact that, by the mid-1890s, the eight-man,
huddle-like scrum of the latter had evolved to become a ten or
eleven-man, laterally extended, line of scrimmage in Canadian rugby
football; the front row of the English rugby scrum (the centre or hooker
and the two props) had become, on the line of scrimmage, the centre, who
heeled the ball to the quarter, and two scrim supports closely
supporting and protecting the centre on either side; the second and
third (or back) rows of the scrum now lined up laterally on either side
of the scrim supports as inside, middle, outside and flying wings with a
quarter, two or three half-backs and a fullback in the backfield
Intercollegiate Football in Central Canada
The Canadian Intercollegiate Rugby Football Union (CIRFU)
1898-1914
- the CIRFU was established at a meeting held at Queen’s University,
Kingston, Ontario, Nov. 24, 1897
- the charter senior members of the union were McGill, Queen’s and
Toronto
- there were three levels of play in the Union - senior, intermediate
and junior; the senior and intermediate series began play in the Autumn
of 1898, the junior series in 1906:
· the senior series: McGill, Queen’s and Toronto firsts;
· the intermediate series: McGill, Queen’s and Toronto seconds, other
colleges’ firsts (e.g., Ottawa, Bishop’s College, OAC, and McMaster
College);
· the junior series: senior teams’ thirds, other colleges’ (of the
intermediate series) seconds, and collegiate institutes’ firsts (i.e.,
public and private secondary schools which were members of the Union).
- the University of Ottawa was a member of the senior series from 1905
to 1912; RMC played in the senior series in 1913
- 1898 - the Yates Cup, emblematic of the senior series championship,
was donated by Dr. H. B. Yates of McGill - the Cup has been up for
competition continuously ever since (excepting the war years of
1915-1918 and 1940-1945)
- the intermediate champion was awarded the RMC Cup (first donated for
intercollegiate intermediate play in 1906)
- 1906 - the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union (later to be called
the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union Central [CIAUC] as its
members were located in Ontario and Quebec only) was formed and became
the umbrella athletic organization for all university sport in central
Canada
- by 1903, one version of the Canadian-rules football game had twelve
men per side, the centre snapped the ball rather than heeled it to the
quarter, putting the ball into play via a throw-in from the sidelines
(typical of English rugby) was eliminated, and a team was given three
plays to gain ten yards or lose possession of the ball
- the CIRFU champions competed against the winners of other rugby
football unions for the Dominion championship; in 1909, 1910 and 1911
Toronto won the Grey Cup; it was thought by many that the McGill Yates
Cup teams of 1912 and 1913 would also have won national honours but
McGill declined to participate in the Grey Cup game due to the lateness
of the season, the approaching exam period and the consequent pressure
of studies
- play was suspended in the CIRFU after completion of the 1914 season
due to the war effort
Post First World War Era (CIRFU) 1919-1939
- 1919 - play in the CIRFU resumed
- 1929 - the University of Western Ontario, after playing in the
intermediate series for several years following the First World War,
joined McGill, Queen’s and Toronto in the senior series; this series
(league) would continue unchanged as far as participating schools until
the 1952-53 season
- 1930s - a typical alignment for the intermediate series, now known as
the Intermediate Intercollegiate Football Union (IIFU, 1934), consisted
of three divisions with following membership:
· West Division: OAC firsts, McMaster firsts and Western seconds;
· Central Division: RMC firsts, Queen’s seconds and Toronto seconds;
· East Division: Bishop’s firsts, Loyola College firsts and McGill
seconds.
- other post-secondary institutions which may have played intermediate
football in the IIFU at this time or earlier and which later became, or
merged with, existing universities some time after the Second World War
include Assumption College (University of Windsor), Macdonald College
(McGill University), St. Patrick’s College (Carleton University) and
Waterloo College (Waterloo Lutheran University and the University of
Waterloo)
- 1931 - the forward pass was incorporated into the rules of the
intercollegiate game
- 1934 - the CIRFU withdrew from competition for the national
championship; Toronto had won the Grey Cup in 1920, Queen’s in 1922,
1923, and 1924 while the 1919 McGill Yates Cup team was considered a
shoo-in for the Grey Cup but the school again refused to play the game
due to the pressure of studies
- 1935 - the CIRFU junior series was discontinued; those schools which
fielded junior teams (or thirds) beyond this point entered their teams
in regional or local community leagues
- play was again suspended in the CIRFU after completion of the 1939
season due to the war effort
Post Second World War Era (SIFL/OQAA) 1946-1954
- 1946 - play in the CIRFU resumed
- the senior series was now called the Senior Intercollegiate Football
League (SIFL)
- in the late 1940s and early 1950s three university football
conferences existed in central Canada: the senior series (SIFL or OQAA)
and two conferences of the Intercollegiate Intermediate Football Union (IIFU),
the South-Western Conference and the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Conference:
· SIFL/OQAA: McGill, Queen’s, Toronto and Western;
· IIFU South-Western Conference: McMaster University, OAC and Waterloo
College plus the intermediate teams from Western and Toronto;
· IIFU Ottawa-St. Lawrence (OSL) Conference: Bishop’s University,
Carleton University, Loyola College, Macdonald College, University of
Ottawa, RMC, and St. Patrick’s College plus the McGill seconds and the
Queen’s seconds.
- 1952 - McMaster was admitted to the SIFL for a two-year trial period;
their 1952 season was played as an exhibition series against the other
members of the league, the games of the 1953 season counted in the
league standings
- 1953 - the OSL conference divided its football league into “A” and
“B” divisions; although membership varied from year to year, the
most frequent alignments were:
· “A” Division: Carleton, Ottawa, Loyola (1953 to 1955), RMC
firsts, St. Patrick’s College (1953 and 1954), McGill seconds and
Queen’s seconds;
· “B” Division: Bishop’s, Collège Militaire Royal (CMR),
Macdonald College, RMC seconds and St. Patrick’s College (from 1955).
- 1954 - the SIFL reverted to a four-team league for the 1954 season
amidst much controversy over the league’s decision to exclude McMaster
from permanent membership; this decision is reported to have contributed
substantially to the eventual breakup in 1955 of the Canadian
Intercollegiate Athletic Union Central (CIAUC), the umbrella
intercollegiate athletic organization for central Canada which had been
formed in 1906
1955-1966: New Era for Senior Intercollegiate Football in
Central Canada
- 1955 - upon the disbanding of the CIAUC, the Ontario-Quebec Athletic
Association (OQAA) and the Ottawa-St.Lawrence Intercollegiate Athletic
Association (OSLIAA) were established as independent intercollegiate
athletic organizations
- the SIFL became known officially as the OQAA football conference
although the SIFL tag lingered for many years afterward; the OSL
football conference became the OSLIAA football conference
- the number of university football programs seeking competition at the
senior level mushroomed during this period
- upon becoming an autonomous intercollegiate athletic association, the
OSLIAA football conference decided to play exhibition games only against
the “seconds” of McGill and Queen’s rather than incorporate the
latter teams into their league; this decision was taken in order to
reinforce the perception that the OSLIAA was now playing “senior”
level, not intermediate level, football
- 1957 - the desire for senior football competition also led to the
creation of the Ontario Intercollegiate Football Conference (OIFC); this
conference provided the opportunity for competition at a “senior”
level for those universities and colleges which did not belong to, or
who were not granted membership in, the SIFL/OQAA senior series
- the original members of the OIFC were:
· Carleton, McMaster, OAC, RMC, Ottawa and the University of Waterloo
(formerly Waterloo College).
- the OSLIAA football conference continued as before although the two
sections or divisions by 1958 were called “Western” and
“Eastern” rather than “A” and “B”:
· Western Division: Carleton, RMC and Ottawa (note: all three members
of this Division were also simultaneously members of the OIFC);
· Eastern Division: Bishop’s, Loyola (from 1958), Macdonald College,
RMC seconds (who were asked to withdraw following the 1959 season) and
St. Patrick’s (note: CMR withdrew from competition following the 1957
season, the program later returned to senior competition in 1965).
- 1960 - the OSLIAA football conference established a championship
series between the winners of the Eastern and Western divisions; thus
the teams in the Western division could be both OIFC champions and
overall OSLIAA champions in the same season, a feat the Ottawa team
achieved in 1960, 1961 and 1965
- this period, as well as being noteworthy for the growth in the number
of schools which took up the intercollegiate game, is also noteworthy
for the frequent realignment of teams and leagues and, in its later
stages, for the number of schools which dropped their football programs
for various economic, competitive and/or philosophic reasons
- the Université de Montréal (circa 1960) and the Université de
Sherbrooke (circa 1960) established football programs which played
exhibition games against teams of the OSLIAA Eastern Division during the
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 and 1965 seasons
- 1963 - Waterloo Lutheran University (WLU) joined the OIFC; Loyola
transferred from the Eastern Division to the Western Division of the
Ottawa-St.Lawrence Athletic Association (OSLAA, formerly the OSLIAA) and
also began competition in the OIFC:
· OIFC: Carleton, Loyola, McMaster, OAC, RMC, Ottawa, Waterloo and WLU;
· OSLAA Western Division: Carleton, Loyola, RMC and Ottawa;
· OSLAA Eastern Division: Bishop’s, CMR (1965 and 1966 only),
Macdonald College and St. Patrick’s.
- 1966 - Laurentian University and the Université de Montréal joined
the OIFC swelling the league’s membership to ten teams:
· OIFC: Carleton, Laurentian, Loyola, McMaster, Montréal, OAC, RMC,
Ottawa, Waterloo and WLU.
University Football in Ontario and Quebec from 1967 to 1980
- following completion of the 1966 season, St. Patrick’s College and
CMR withdrew from senior competition leaving the OSLAA Eastern Division
with only two teams: Bishop’s and Macdonald College; the CMR football
program moved to junior varsity status while St. Patrick’s College
became a constituent college of Carleton University resulting in the
merger of the two football programs
- 1967 – for the 1967 season, the OIFC and the OSLAA football
conferences merged to form the twelve-team Central Canada
Intercollegiate Football Conference (CCIFC):
· CCIFC: Bishop’s, Carleton, Laurentian, Loyola, Macdonald College,
McMaster, Montréal, OAC, RMC, Ottawa, Waterloo, WLU.
- 1968 - McMaster and Waterloo withdrew from the CCIFC and joined the
OQAA football conference; two new programs joined the CCIFC-- the
University of Windsor and Sir George Williams University of
Montreal--the CCIFC split into East and West divisions for the 1968
season:
· OQAA: McGill, McMaster, Queen’s, Toronto, Waterloo, and Western;
· CCIFC East Division: Bishop’s, Loyola, Macdonald College, Montréal,
RMC and Sir George Williams;
· CCIFC West Division: Carleton, the University of Guelph (formerly OAC),
Laurentian, Ottawa, WLU and Windsor
- 1969 - York University joined the CCIFC West Division
- 1971 - a second significant realignment of teams and leagues took
place: the OQAA football conference and the CCIFC were folded into two
football conferences structured along provincial intercollegiate
athletic association lines--the Ontario University Athletic Association
(OUAA) and the Quebec University Athletic Association (QUAA)
- the OUAA football conference consisted of twelve teams divided into
two sections and four divisions:
· Eastern Section, Northern Division: Laurentian, Ottawa and York;
· Eastern Section, Capital Division: Carleton, Queen’s and Toronto;
· Western Section, Central Division: Guelph, McMaster and WLU;
· Western Section, West Division: Waterloo, Western and Windsor.
- the QUAA football conference consisted of eleven teams divided into
two sections, the Blue Division and the White Division:
· Blue Division: Bishop’s, Loyola, McGill, Montréal, RMC, and Sir
George Williams;
· White Division: CMR, Macdonald College, Université du Québec à
Montréal (UQAM), Université du Québec à Trois Rivières (UQTR) and
Sherbrooke.
- at the time of reorganization, four of the QUAA White Division
programs were playing football at the junior varsity level only: CMR,
UQAM, UQTR and Sherbrooke
- early 1970s - the administration of athletics at the francophone
universities of Quebec underwent a major philosophic change during this
period, emphasis was being placed on community involvement and
intramural athletic activities as opposed to intercollegiate athletics
(now considered somewhat elitist), this shift in emphasis effected all
the major intercollegiate sport programs at these schools (e.g.,
basketball, football, hockey, soccer, volleyball, etc.)
- 1971 - following the 1971 season, the decline in the number of
universities football programs participating at the senior level began:
Laurentian of the OUAA withdrew (mainly for competitive and economic
reasons); Montréal of the QUAA withdrew (philosophic reasons); while
RMC of the QUAA withdrew in order to participate in the short-lived
Ontario (Community) College Athletic Association (OCAA) football
conference
- 1972 - following the 1972 season CMR, UQAM and Sir George Williams of
the QUAA folded their football programs
- 1973 - following the 1973 season in the QUAA, the football program at
Macdonald College, a constituent college of McGill University, was
merged with that of its parent institution and played under the McGill
banner, Sherbrooke disbanded its program while UQTR stepped down from
senior level football to play at the junior varsity level leaving the
conference with only three participating schools for the next season:
Bishop’s, Loyola, and McGill
- 1974 - consequently a third major conference realignment took place in
time for the 1974 season, the OUAA and QUAA football conferences were
folded into the Ontario-Quebec Intercollegiate Football Conference (OQIFC)
consisting of two divisions:
· OQIFC West Division: Guelph, Laurier (now Wilfrid Laurier University,
formerly Waterloo Lutheran University), McMaster, Waterloo, Western,
Windsor and York;
· OQIFC East Division: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia University
(created by an amalgamation of Loyola College and Sir George Williams
University in 1974), McGill, Ottawa, Queen’s and Toronto.
- 1976 - for this and subsequent years, Toronto transferred from the
OQIFC East Division to the OQIFC West Division:
· West Division: Guelph, Laurier, McMaster, Toronto, Waterloo, Western,
Windsor and York;
· East Division: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia, McGill, Ottawa, and
Queen’s.
- 1977 - UQTR re-established its senior football program and joined the
OQIFC East:
· East Division: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia, McGill, Ottawa,
Queen’s and UQTR.
- 1979 - following this season, UQTR of the OQIFC East Division ceased
football operations
- 1974 to 1979 (inclusive) - the historic Yates Cup was awarded jointly
to the winners of the OQIFC East and West Divisions
University Football in Central Canada from 1980 to 2000
- 1980 - one change in league names took place, the eight-team OQIFC
West Division was renamed the OUAA football conference while the now
six-team OQIFC East Division became simply the OQIFC without a division
appellation, the conference alignments were as follows:
· OUAA: Guelph, Laurier, McMaster, Waterloo, Western, Toronto, Windsor
and York;
· OQIFC: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia, McGill, Ottawa, and
Queen’s.
- 1980 - the Yates Cup was now awarded solely to the OUAA champions
while a new trophy--the Dunsmore Cup--was presented to the champions of
the OQIFC
- 1988 - the governing body of university sport in Quebec, the Quebec
Universities Athletic Association (QUAA) became a part of the Quebec
Student Sport Federation (QSSF) which assumed responsibility for all
scholastic sport in the province at the secondary, CEGEP and university
levels
- the twenty-one year period from 1980 to 2000 was characterized above
all by stability with only two changes in participating programs having
taken place
- 1996 - Laval University joined the OQIFC:
· OQIFC: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia, Laval, McGill, Ottawa, and
Queen’s.
- 1997 - one more conference/athletic association name change took
place, the Ontario Universities Athletic Association (OUAA) changed its
name to Ontario University Athletics (OUA) thus the OUAA football
conference became the OUA football conference
- 1999 - Carleton folded its football program following the 1998 season,
once again leaving the OQIFC with six teams:
· OQIFC: Bishop’s, Concordia, Laval, McGill, Ottawa, and Queen’s.
University Football in Central Canada from 2001 to the
Present
- 2001 - Ottawa and Queen’s left the OQIFC to joining the OUA making
this latter a 10-team football conference; the OQIFC shortened its name
to the Quebec Interuniversity Football Conference (QIFC):
· OUA: Guelph, Laurier, McMaster, Ottawa, Queen’s, Waterloo, Western,
Toronto, Windsor and York;
· QIFC: Bishop’s, Concordia, Laval and McGill.
- 2002 - the QIFC welcomed the Université de Montréal Carabins as a
fifth member of the league, this school had not had a varsity football
program since 1971; the QIFC and the Atlantic Universities Football
Conference (AUFC) agreed to begin interlocking play for the 2002 season
on a two-year trial basis
- 2003 – the Université de Sherbrooke, a school which had not fielded
a football team since 1974, joined the QIFC
· QIFC: Bishop’s, Concordia, Laval, McGill, Montréal and Sherbrooke
Intercollegiate Football in Western Canada
The Western Intercollegiate Rugby Football Union (WIRFU)
1927-1963
- 1920 - the Western Canada Intercollegiate Athletic Association (WCIAA)
was formed with the Universities of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta
as charter members
- 1922 - inter-university exhibition football play began; the Hardy
Trophy, donated by Professor Evan Hardy of the University of
Saskatchewan (known as “the father of western inter-collegiate
football”), was awarded to the winner of the annual series between
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta
- 1923 - the University of British Columbia (UBC) joined the WCIAA
- 1927 - the WIRFU consisting of three of the four WCIAA universities
and featuring regular scheduled league play was established with the
Hardy Trophy awarded to the league champion, UBC joined the league in
1928
- all four universities fielded Canadian rugby football teams before
1927, certainly in the early 1920s if not before--Alberta first
established a varsity football program in 1910, Saskatchewan in 1914,
UBC in 1924, while Manitoba is known to have won the Hardy Trophy in
1923 and 1924 and had fielded a varsity team in 1920
- the WIRFU was not strictly an intercollegiate league until the
mid-1960s; because of the economics of travel, the teams competed
against intermediate, senior and professional teams within their
respective provinces or aligned themselves with leagues south of the
border (e.g., UBC) as well as playing against each other
- there was no competition for the Hardy Trophy in 1925, 1932, 1940,
1942-1943 and during the period 1949 to 1958
- UBC did not participate in WIRFU play during the years 1935, 1941 and
from 1946 to 1948
- each of the four western provinces had their own autonomous Rugby
Football Unions, the WIRFU teams were required to compete against other
(e.g., city) teams in their respective provincial Unions in the quest
for the provincial championship, the right to move on to the Western
Canadian championship and subsequently, to challenge for the Grey Cup
- unfortunately, no WIRFU member was ever successful in the quest to
represent the West in the Grey Cup game; they did come close however,
for example, in 1926 Alberta narrowly lost to the Regina Roughriders in
the Western Canadian championship game; in 1927, UBC lost a two-game,
total points series against Regina for the championship; in 1934,
Alberta lost in the semifinals of the Western championship
- several times over the period between 1920 and 1952, the western
universities (UBC in particular) challenged the CIRFU/SIFL of central
Canada to a national intercollegiate championship game but were rebuffed
by the latter ostensibly due to the lateness of the season and the
pressure of studies
- 1930 - UBC participated in the first Canadian football game ever
played at night under lights when they traveled to Hamilton to play a
pre-season game against the Hamilton Tigers of the Ontario Rugby
Football Union (ORFU), UBC lost the game 38-1
- 1949 to 1958 - Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba disbanded their
football program during this time period, UBC maintained its football
program playing a schedule featuring American schools
- 1949 - an interesting piece of trivia concerns the ceasing of football
operations by Alberta coinciding with the re-establishment of the
professional Edmonton Eskimos football franchise--the university donated
their football jerseys to the Eskimos thus establishing the tradition of
wearing green and gold colours by the professional club
- 1953 - the first inter-conference game between a western Canadian
university team and a CIRFU/SIFL representative took place; it was an
invitational pre-season match between McGill and UBC for the newly
established Churchill Bowl and was played at McGill’s Molson Stadium,
McGill won the game 22-4
The Western Intercollegiate Football League (WIFL) 1964-1971
- 1959 - Alberta and Saskatchewan re-instated football as a varsity
sport for the 1959 season
- 1960s - the league was variously called the Western Canada
Intercollegiate Athletic Association (WCIAA) football conference and the
Western Intercollegiate Football League (WIFL)
- 1962 - Manitoba re-instated football as a varsity sport
- early-to-mid-1960s - UBC played half of their schedule against the
three other WIFL teams with American college competition making up the
other half
- 1964 - the WIFL welcomed the University of Alberta at Calgary (UAC) as
a league member; the school later became the University of Calgary
(1967)
- in the 1964, 1965, 1968 and 1969 seasons, UBC withdrew from
participation in WIFL league play, the program continued to compete
against American college teams during that time and did play some
exhibitions games against Canadian university opponents
- 1970 - UBC rejoined the WIFL for the 1970 season and has participated
fully in league play every season since
The Canada West Universities Athletic Association Football
Conference (CWUAA) 1972 to 1998
- 1972 - the WCIAA split into two intercollegiate athletic associations
organized along geographic lines: the Canada West Universities Athletic
Association (CWUAA) and the Great Plains Athletic Conference (GPAC)
- all schools of the WIFL except Manitoba were members of the CWUAA,
this latter institution was immediately granted playing privileges in
the CWUAA football conference
- the league remained a stable five-team organization until 1998
The Canada West Football Conference (CW) 1999 to the Present
- 1999 - the CWUAA and the GPAC re-integrated into one athletic
association now called Canada West (CW)
- the league had remained a stable five-team organization from 1970
until the 1999 season at which time it was joined by the University of
Regina Rams (enabling the playing of a balanced schedule for the first
time in its modern history)
- 2002 - the league expanded to a seven teams with the addition of the
Simon Fraser University (SFU) Clan; the Clan had previously (1965 to
2001) played American four-down football in a college football
conference south of the border
· CW: Alberta, UBC, Calgary, Manitoba, Regina, Saskatchewan and SFU
Intercollegiate Football in Atlantic Canada
Canadian Football in the Halifax and Nova Scotia 1940-1957
- until the second World War, English rugby and soccer were the
predominant “football” games played in the Maritime Intercollegiate
Athletic Association (MIAA, founded in 1910) aside from a very brief
flirtation with American four-down football in the late 1930s
- with the influx of servicemen from other parts of Canada (where
Canadian football was a popular sport) to Armed Forces Bases in the area
such as the Stadacona, Shearwater and Cornwallis Naval Bases and the
Greenwood Air Force Base, Canadian-rules football gained more prominence
in the Halifax area and, not surprisingly, was taken up by some of the
local universities and colleges
- 1942 and 1944-46 - Saint Mary’s High School/College fielded a team
in the Halifax High School Canadian Football League (HHSCFL)
- 1947 - Dalhousie University first fielded a team in the intermediate
Halifax City Canadian Football League (HCCFL), a league consisting of
teams from the Stadacona and Shearwater Naval Bases and the Saint
Mary’s Grads; the latter team, made up of students from Saint Mary’s
College (SMC) and the Saint Mary’s Amateur Athletic Club, lasted only
one year in the league
- 1948 - Dalhousie played an exhibition game in Halifax against the
McGill seconds (McGill’s intermediate team); score: McGill 12,
Dalhousie 5
- 1951 - the Nova Scotia Canadian Football League (NSCFL) is formed
replacing the HCCFL, Dalhousie is a member of this new intermediate
league along with armed forces and community teams
- 1952 - Saint Mary’s College (SMC) becomes Saint Mary’s University
(SMU)
- 1952 - Royal Military College (RMC) of Kingston, Ontario, played an
exhibition game against Dalhousie in Halifax; score: RMC 46, Dalhousie
24
- 1953 - St. Francis Xavier University (StFX) fielded a Canadian-rules
football team for the first time, the team played exhibition games in
their first season
- 1953 - the Nova Scotia Junior Canadian Football League (NSJCFL) was
formed; it had varying membership over the years which included SMU,
StFX, Armed Forces and Halifax community teams
- 1954 - StFX joined the NSCFL, increasing the number of varsity sides
in the intermediate league to two
- 1954 - McMaster University of Hamilton, Ontario, played an exhibition
game against the StFX intermediates at Antigonish, N.S.; score: McMaster
35, StFX 13
- 1956 - Acadia University fielded its first Canadian-rules football
team; two exhibition games in that inaugural season against an Armed
Services team from Halifax and the University of New Brunswick
- 1957 - Acadia joined the NSJCFL
Canadian Football in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island
1948-1958
- similar to the situation in Nova Scotia, Canadian-rules football
gained prominence in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island following
the second World War; as the number of MIAA schools playing English
rugby in Nova Scotia declined and the opportunities for competition
therefore became limited, some New Brunswick MIAA schools (and later St.
Dunstan’s University of PEI) decided to take up the “new” Canadian
game
- 1948 - the University of New Brunswick (UNB) fielded a Canadian-rules
football team which played exhibition games during its first year
- 1949 - St. Thomas College of Chatham (later, in 1964, of Fredericton)
fielded its first Canadian-rules football squad as did St. Joseph’s
College of Memramcook (which subsequently evolved into the Université
de Moncton in 1963)
- 1949 - the first intercollegiate Canadian football game played in New
Brunswick took place between UNB and St. Thomas
- 1949 - formation of the New Brunswick Football League (NBFL)
consisting of teams from UNB, St. Thomas and two city teams
- 1952 - St. Thomas (STU) represented New Brunswick in the first, though
unofficial, Maritime football championship, the game was played in
Halifax against the Nova Scotia champions, the Shearwater Flyers (an
Armed Forces team), STU lost 14-6
- 1953 - UNB played Dalhousie for the Maritime football championship
- 1955 - Mount Allison University fielded a Canadian-rules football team
which played an exhibition schedule during its first year
- 1956 - Mount Allison joined the NBFL and represented it in the
Maritime Football Championship against the winners of the NSCFL (i.e.,
the Greenwood Air Force Base team)
- 1957 - Mount Allison again represented New Brunswick in the Maritime
final (played at Moncton) losing 40-18 to the Shearwater Flyers
- 1956 - STU played Saint Mary’s for the Maritime junior championship
- 1957 - St. Dunstan’s University of Prince Edward Island initiated a
Canadian-rules football program playing an exhibition
schedule in their first season
University Football in Atlantic Canada 1958-1973
- 1958 - the junior Maritime Intercollegiate Football League (MIFL) was
formed; the new league had participants from universities located in
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island:
· teams from Nova Scotia: Acadia and Saint Mary’s University (SMU)
· teams from New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island: Mount Allison
University, UNB, STU and St. Dunstan’s.
- 1958 - UNB won the inaugural MIFL championship with a 36 to 3 win over
SMU
- 1959 - the Atlantic bowl, which was inaugurated in 1956 for
competition between the winner of the NSCFL football conference and
championship intermediate teams from Central Canada became restricted to
competition between the NSCFL champions and the winners of the Ontario
Intercollegiate Football Conference (OIFC) in Central Canada; StFX, the
NSCFL champion, hosted the Ontario Agricultural College (OAC), champion
of the OIFC; this game was the first non-exhibition game involving a
university opponent from another region of the country and an MIAA
school; score, OAC 14, StFX 26
- 1960 - the two tier Atlantic Football Conference (AFC) was formed
replacing the NSJCFL, the MIFL and the intermediate NSCFL, it consisted
of the following teams:
· “A” Section: Dalhousie, Mount Allison, UNB, StFX and two Armed
Forces teams;
· “B” Section: Acadia, St. Dunstan’s, Saint Mary’s, St. F.X.
(Juniors), STU and one Armed Forces team.
- 1960 - the Jewett Trophy (the MIAA championship trophy) was first
awarded
- 1962 - Acadia and St. Dunstan’s were promoted from the “B”
Section of the AFC to the “A” Section:
· “A” (or Senior) Section: Acadia, Dalhousie, Mount Allison, UNB,
Saint Mary’s, St. Dunstan’s, StFX, and two Armed Forces teams;
· “B” Section: became a junior varsity league.
- 1965 - league composition became limited to varsity teams which were
members of the MIAA partly in response to the creation of a national
intercollegiate football championship (the Canadian College Bowl, later
to become the Vanier Cup), the desire of MIAA members to compete for it,
and the consequent requirement for them to conform to the regulations of
the national governing body of intercollegiate athletics--the Canadian
Intercollegiate Athletic Union (CIAU)--which frowned upon league play
with non-CIAU members (in this case the Armed Services teams)
- 1965 - consequently, the Bluenose (Senior) Football Conference was
formed consisting of the following teams:
· Acadia, Dalhousie, St. Dunstan’s, Mount Allison, UNB, Saint
Mary’s and StFX
- 1966 - the league’s name was changed to the Maritime Intercollegiate
Athletic Association (MIAA) football conference
- 1969 - another league/athletic association name change--the MIAA
became the Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (AIAA), this
latter change in recognition of the addition of Memorial University of
Newfoundland (MUN) as a member of the Intercollegiate Athletic
Association; the football conference therefore became the AIAA football
conference
- 1970 - St. Dunstan’s University amalgamated with the Prince of Wales
College of Charlottetown to become the University of Prince Edward
Island (UPEI)
The Atlantic Universities Football Conference (AUFC) 1974 to
the Present
- 1974 - still another association and conference name change--the AIAA
was now called the Atlantic Universities Athletic Association with the
football conference becoming the AUAA FC
- over the years the AUAA football conference has been more popularly
referred to as the Atlantic Universities Football Conference (AUFC)
- as with university football in central Canada, the decade of the
1970s, for economic, competitive and/or philosophic reasons, took its
toll on football programs in the Atlantic provinces:
· 1976 - Dalhousie folded its football program following the 1976
season;
· 1979 - UPEI folded its program following the 1979 season;
· 1980 - UNB folded its program following the 1980 season.
- 1990 - the University College of Cape Breton (UCCB) initiated a
football program which played for that one season only
- since 1980 the current alignment of teams has been stable:
· AUFC: Acadia, Mount Allison, Saint Mary’s and StFX
- late 1999 - the governing body of university athletics in the Atlantic
region (the AUAA) once again changed its name, this time to Atlantic
University Sport (AUS)
- 2002 - the AUFC and the Quebec Interuniversity Football Conference (QIFC)
agreed to begin interlocking play for the 2002 and 2003 seasons
Intercollegiate
Football - National and Regional Championships
Introduction
- prior to 1953 - no record of post-season intercollegiate, inter-league
play at the senior level; furthermore, there was no national umbrella
organization for the governance of interuniversity sport (including
football) in Canada under whose auspices a national championship game
could be organized and played; it was not until 1961, with the formation
of the Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU) that such a
national body whose membership consisted of the various regional
intercollegiate athletics associations across the country, was put in
place
- 1953-1964 - inter-league invitational and challenge matches, either
pre-season or post-season, did occur on a somewhat hit-and-miss basis
during this pre-Vanier Cup period
- 1965 - the Canadian College Bowl (for the Vanier Cup), a national
invitational championship for Canadian university football, was
established; winners of the five existing university football
conferences (AUFC, OSLAA, OIFC, OQAA and WIFL) were eligible for
selection as contestants in the championship game
- 1968 - a truly national intercollegiate football championship game did
not occur until this year when the champions of the now four existing
football conferences (AUFC, CCIFC, OQAA and WIFL) met in two semi-final
bowl games with the winners advancing to the Vanier Cup game
- following is a brief run-down of the history of these events
Churchill Bowl (and other early inter-league play) 1953-1964
- the Sir Winston Churchill Bowl game was originally established as an
annual, often pre-season, invitational football contest between the
sister universities of McGill and UBC in aid of the Canadian Paraplegic
Association
- the trophy emblematic of the Churchill Bowl is a sculpture created by
R. Tait MacKenzie entitled “The Onslaught”
- 1953 - the first Churchill Bowl was played at McGill’s Molson
Stadium between McGill and UBC, it was a pre-season match-up with McGill
winning 22-4
- 1954 - the second game between McGill and UBC was again held at
McGill’s Molson Stadium and again was a pre-season affair, outcome:
McGill 8, UBC 5; in this same year, UBC also played a post-season game
against Toronto who were the 1954 Yates Cup champion and which the
latter won 5 to 3; and McMaster University of the South-Western
Conference played a post-season game against StFX of the MIAA at
Antigonish, N.S., score: McMaster 35, StFX 13
- 1955 - the third pre-season game of the McGill/UBC series took place
at UBC’s Thunderbird Stadium, outcome: McGill 0, UBC 0
- 1956 - this year the Churchill trophy was a pre-season invitational
match between Western and UBC played at Thunderbird Stadium, outcome:
Western 38, UBC 13
- 1957 - a second pre-season challenge match between Western and UBC,
this time played at J. W. Little Stadium, London, Ontario, score:
Western 54, UBC 0
- 1958 - a return to the McGill/UBC pre-season series this year held at
Thunderbird Stadium, McGill 9, UBC 6
- 1959 - for the first time, the Churchill Bowl game was a post-season
affair involving two teams which had won their respective conference
titles: Western, the Yates Cup (OQAA), and UBC, the Hardy Trophy (WIFL,
the first time the trophy had been competed for since 1948); the game
was played at Varsity Stadium, Toronto, outcome: Western 34, UBC 7
- although the claim was made by many of those involved in organizing
and playing in the 1959 Churchill Bowl that the game was for the
national Canadian university football championship, the claim is
disputable in that the other three intercollegiate leagues of the day,
also claiming to play senior level university football--the OSLIAA, OIFC
and MIAA conferences--were not involved and thus not represented; the
point is made by supporters, however, that although all five leagues
claimed to be playing football at the senior level, the level of
competition in the OQAA and the WIFL was, in their eyes at least,
superior to that of the other conferences
- interestingly, also in 1959, play for the Atlantic Bowl at the
university level was inaugurated; this bowl game was first established
in 1956 and was originally competed for by the winner of the MIAA
football conference and mostly championship intermediate teams from
Central Canada; in 1959 participation became restricted to the MIAA
champions and the winners of the OIFC, one of three university football
conferences then in existence in Central Canada; the first university
inter-conference Atlantic Bowl was won by StFX of the MIAA over the
Ontario Agricultural College (OAC, now the University of Guelph) of the
OIFC by a score of 26-14
- 1960 - for the second straight year, the Yates Cup winner (McGill) and
the Hardy Trophy winner (Alberta) met in the Churchill Bowl, score:
McGill 46, Alberta 7
- 1961 - some confusion as to whether a Churchill Bowl game was played
or not; one source reports that Queen’s, the Yates Cup winner, was
supposed to play UBC, the Hardy Trophy winner, but the game did not take
place; McGill did play an inter-conference, pre-season game against StFX
which may have been for the Churchill trophy, outcome: McGill 21, StFX 7
- 1962 - the Churchill Bowl game in 1962 was a pre-season affair, McGill
challenged St. Francis Xavier, the 1961 Atlantic Bowl winners, to a
match at McGill’s Molson Stadium which sources agree was for the
Churchill trophy, McGill 13, StFX 6
- 1963 - again, some confusion as to whether or not a Churchill Bowl
game was played; McGill, the 1962 Yates Cup champion did play a
pre-season game against StFX, the 1962 Jewett Trophy winner, in
Antigonish, N.S., which at least one source claims to have been for the
Churchill trophy, McGill 7, StFX 14
- 1963 - also in 1963, Alberta (winners of the WIFL Hardy Trophy)
challenged Queen’s (that year’s OQAA Yates Cup winners) to a
post-season match (but not for the Churchill trophy) which was played in
Edmonton, outcome: Queen’s 7, Alberta 25
- 1964 - more confusion as to whether or not a Churchill Bowl game was
played; McGill did play an exhibition game against Saint Mary’s in
Halifax, score: McGill 31, Saint Mary’s 14; also in 1964, McMaster and
UBC played a mid-season exhibition game with UBC winning 47-0
- 1964 - Queen’s (Yates Cup winners) and Alberta (Hardy Trophy
winners) seemed destined to meet again in post-season challenge play
this year however McMaster (OIFC champions) challenged Queen’s to a
post-season match which Queen’s was obliged to accept; Queen’s
administration had instituted a rule some years earlier which stipulated
that, for academic reasons, Queen’s could play one post-season game
only, therefore, the Queen’s/Alberta match never took place; Queen’s
did play and defeat McMaster 63-6
- 1965 - another mid-season affair was played between McMaster and UBC
with the game ending in an 8-8 draw
Churchill Bowl 1965 to 2002
- 1965 - the Churchill Bowl was retired from competition as a
consequence of the establishment of an invitational, national university
football championship by the Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU)
in 1965--the Canadian College Bowl--the winner to receive a new trophy
donated by the incumbent Governor General of Canada: the Vanier Cup
- 1967 - the Canadian College Bowl for the Vanier Cup became potentially
a truly national championship game with the winners of the four
university leagues at the time--AUFC, CCIFC, OQAA and WIFL--meeting in
two semi-final games, the Atlantic Bowl and a second bowl game
- 1967 - while an Atlantic Bowl game was played this year, the other
semi-final bowl game did not take place due to the fact that Toronto
(the Yates Cup winner), which was to play Alberta (the Hardy Trophy
winner), declined to participate citing scheduling problems and academic
pressures
- 1968 - the inaugural game of the second semi-final bowl game which was
later to become known as the Churchill Bowl took place; Queen’s of the
OQAA played Manitoba of the WIFL for the right to advance to the Vanier
Cup
- 1989 - the Churchill trophy, which had been in storage at McGill for
more than twenty years, was resurrected, at the request of the CIAU, for
presentation to the winner of the semi-final bowl game heretofore known
variously as the Western Bowl, the Central Bowl, the Prairie Bowl and
the Forest City Bowl; in the CIAU record book (i.e., the CIAU Almanac),
these previous bowl games (from 1968 to 1988) have been retroactively
listed as Churchill Bowl games
- 2003 - the Churchill Bowl and its trophy were retired before the
commencement of the 2003 football season upon the establishment of a new
semi-final bowl game for the 2003 season--the Uteck Bowl
Atlantic Bowl 1959 to 2001
- 1959 - the Atlantic Bowl, inaugurated in 1956 for competition between
the winner of the MIAA football conference and mostly championship
intermediate or junior teams from Central Canada, became restricted to
competition between university teams--the MIAA champions and the winners
of one of the three university football conferences in Central Canada;
the first university inter-conference Atlantic Bowl was won by StFX of
the MIAA over the Ontario Agricultural College (OAC, now the University
of Guelph) of the OIFC by a score of 26-14
- 1959-1961 - the MIAA champions played against the winners of the OIFC
- 1962-1963 - the MIAA champions played against the winners of the OQAA
football conference
- 1964 - the Atlantic Bowl game was once again competed for by the MIAA
and the OIFC title winners
- 1965-1966 - Atlantic Bowl competition was suspended due to the
establishment of the invitational Canadian College Bowl
- 1967 - the Atlantic Bowl was re-established, now serving as one of the
two semi-final bowl games leading up to the national championship--the
Vanier Cup; McMaster of the CCIFC played StFX of the AUFC for the right
to move on to the Vanier Cup
- from 1967 until 2001, with the one exception noted below, the Atlantic
Bowl was competed for in Halifax each year by the winners of the AUFC
and, on a rotational basis, the winners of one of the other three
university football conferences
- 1983 - for this one year only, the Atlantic Bowl featured two teams
from the AUAA football conference (StFX and Acadia) with the winner not
proceeding to the Vanier Cup; this state of affairs resulted from a
dispute between the AUAA and the CIAU over the venue of the Atlantic
Bowl game; the CIAU, under pressure from one or more of the other
university football conferences, wished to rotate the site of the game,
the AUAA refused and withdrew from Vanier Cup competition; the Atlantic
Bowl was re-established as a semi-final game for the Vanier Cup for the
1984 season
- 2003 - the governing body of football within Canadian Interuniversity
Sport (CIS, formerly known as the CIAU) decided that the semi-final bowl
game formerly known as the Atlantic Bowl must alternate between the
Atlantic University Sports (AUS, formerly the AUAA) site and a site
located in one of the other three conferences, this decision marked the
end of the forty-three year history of the Atlantic Bowl
Mitchell Bowl 2002 to the Present
- 2002 - a new semi-final bowl game and trophy, named the Mitchell Bowl,
was inaugurated to replace the Atlantic Bowl
- the Mitchell Bowl constituted the annual easternmost semi-final bowl
game held in any given year, the Churchill Bowl the westernmost annual
semi-final bowl game
- the first Mitchell Bowl game was played at Montreal, Québec, between
McGill and Saskatchewan
- the trophy and bowl game were named in honour of Doug Mitchell, former
CIS (CIAU) player, CFL player, CFL broadcaster, Commissioner of the CFL
and the individual mainly responsible for the establishment in 1992-1993
of the Howard Mackie awards which were created to honour the CIS male
and female athletes of the year
- 2003 - with the establishment of the Uteck Bowl, the Mitchell Bowl now
became emblematic of the of the westernmost national semi-final bowl
game
Uteck Bowl 2003 to the Present
- 2003 - a new semi-final bowl game and trophy, named the Uteck Bowl,
was inaugurated
- the Uteck Bowl will be awarded on an annual basis to the winner of the
easternmost national semi-final bowl game
- the trophy and bowl game are named in honour of Larry Uteck, former
CIS (CIAU) player, CFL player, Head Coach of the Saint Mary’s
University (SMU) Huskies, SMU Athletic Director and community
leader/municipal politician in the greater Halifax Metropolitan Area
Vanier Cup 1965 to the Present
- 1965-1966 - an invitational national championship was inaugurated by
the Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU)--the Canadian College
Bowl--the winner to receive a new trophy donated by the Governor General
of Canada of the day: the Vanier Cup; the winners of the five existing
university football conferences (AUFC, OSLAA, OIFC, OQAA and WIFL) were
eligible for selection as contestants in the championship game
- 1967 - the Canadian College Bowl potentially became a national
championship game with the winners of the now four university football
conferences (i.e., AUFC, CCIFC, OQAA and WIFL) meeting in two semi-final
games--the Atlantic Bowl and what was to become known as the Churchill
Bowl--for the right to compete for the Vanier Cup
- 1967 - while an Atlantic Bowl game was played in 1967, the other bowl
game did not take place due to the fact that Toronto (the Yates Cup
winner) declined to participate citing scheduling problems and academic
pressures thus allowing the Hardy Trophy winner (Alberta) to advance
directly to the Vanier Cup game against the winner of the Atlantic Bowl
(McMaster)
- 1968 - the Vanier Cup truly became a national university football
championship; both of the semi-final bowl games were played thus
ensuring that the two best football teams in the country (Queen’s, the
Churchill Bowl champion and WLU, the Atlantic Bowl winner) participated
in the Vanier Cup game and that the winner of the game (Queen’s),
could truly be called the national championship team of Canadian
university football
- 1982 - the name of the national championship game was changed from the
Canadian College Bowl to the Vanier Cup, Canada’s University Football
Championship
- 1983 - Calgary (the Hardy Trophy winner) advanced directly to the
Vanier Cup game against the winner of the Churchill Bowl (Queen’s)
because of a dispute between the CIAU and the AUAA over the venue of the
Atlantic Bowl; an Atlantic Bowl game was played featuring two teams from
the AUAA football conference, however, the winner (StFX) did not advance
to the Vanier Cup; the Atlantic Bowl was re-established as a semi-final
bowl game for the 1984 season; two semi-final bowl games have been
played every year since thus rendering the Vanier Cup game, once again,
truly the national championship game
- 2001 - the CIAU, the national umbrella governing body of Canadian
university sport (including football) was renamed and became Canadian
Interuniversity Sport (CIS)
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